铁碳促进O3/H2O2体系深度处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

构建了铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系降解矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中有机物,并考察了体系O_3、铁碳及H_2O_2投加量、初始pH值和反应时间对铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系处理渗滤液尾水的影响.结果表明,在铁碳投加量为3 g·L~(-1),O_3投加量为9.798 mg·min~(-1),H_2O_2投加量为2 mL·L~(-1),初始pH值为3的条件下,反应10 min后,渗滤液尾水的COD和UV_(245)分别从711.96 mg·L~(-1)、0.19下降至295.04 mg·L~(-1)、0.10.类比实验结果表明,铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系对渗滤液尾水有机物具有较高的去除率,且可生化性得到提高(BOD/COD从0.04增加至0.40).紫外-可见和三维荧光光谱显示,废水中难降解有机物转化为小分子有机化合物且腐殖质的分子缩合度降低.最后,采用SEM-EDS、XRD和XPS技术对铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系的反应机理进行了解析,发现铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2反应的机理为铁碳微电解反应、铁氧化物-H_2O_2非均相芬顿反应、O_3/H_2O_2、铁碳-O_3非均相的高级氧化作用和铁基胶体对有机物的吸附沉淀作用.研究表明,铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系是一种能够有效去除矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物的方法.     

COMBUSTIVE APPROACH FOR MEASURING TOTAL VOLATILE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN LANDFILL GAS

A technique was developed to measure the total gaseous phosphorus content in biogas. The amount of air needed for a neutral to oxidising flame was mixed with the biogas. The gas mixture was burnt in a closed quartz burner and the combustion gasses were bubbled through a nitric acid solution. The phosphate content in the bubbling liquid was determined with sector field ICP-MS. The technique was validated in the lab with phosphine. Afterwards the set-up was installed on a landfill. The total gaseous phosphorus content in the landfill gas, measured with the combustive technique, ranged from 1.65 to 4.44 g P/m³. At the same time the phosphine concentration in the landfill gas was determined gas chromatographically (GC). The phosphine (PH₃) content measured with GC ranged from 7.6 to 16.7 g PH₃-P/m³. Since the phosphine-P content (GC) was consistently higher than the total gaseous phosphorus content (burner/ICP-MS), the hypothesised presence of highly toxic gaseous phosphorus compounds other than phosphine could not be demonstrated.     

厌氧填埋垃圾降解阶段指标体系的建立

以厌氧填埋场中垃圾的降解过程为依托点,从渗滤液的水质特征和填埋气的组成两个方面筛选出判断指标,最后建立判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的指标体系.结果表明,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)可以反映出渗滤液的可生化性,从而间接反映出填埋垃圾所处的降解阶段,是判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的重要定量指标.     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

危险废物安全填埋场运行机制与收费标准

危险废物安全填埋场应探讨企业化经营模式。在单一处理模式、一体化经营模式和依托于大型企业模式中选择适宜的模式。填埋场建设资金筹集渠道中,由废物产生单位集资建设是可行办法。探讨了填埋场收费标准的计算方法,并给出计算公式。     

填埋处理场易发的各种环境问题及其对策

固体废弃物的填埋处理法在处理量和处理成本等方面比起其他方法有很强的优势，然而填埋处理场如果得不到正确的运转和管理，将成为新的污染源，易引发地表水和地面水污染、大气污染以及甲烷气体爆炸等环境问题。鉴于上述问题，文中针对上述事例介绍了排气设备、诱引气床等物理和化学方面的防止对策。     

生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准比较研究

详细介绍了美国《城市生活垃圾填埋场标准》，德国《生活垃圾技术条例》．日本《废弃物最终处置场指南》和欧盟《废弃物填埋导则》等有关生活垃圾填埋污染控制的标准的主要内容以厦其主要特点．井与中国现行的《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（GB16889—1997）相比较，主要从选址、入场垃圾要求、渗滤液排放标准、防渗结构和终场覆盖系统等5方面分析了GB16889中存在的一些问题，并对今后其修订、完善工作提出了具体的建议。     

脱氮-混凝气浮-UASB-接触氧化法处理垃圾填埋渗滤液

采用脱氮—混凝气浮—UASB—接触氧化工艺处理高氨氮、高浊度的垃圾渗滤液，使处理后出水的各项指标完全达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级新扩改标准。对废水处理系统的工艺作了简单介绍，并对系统的调试、运行过程进行了技术总结。     

渗滤液回灌对填埋垃圾含水率的影响研究

文章通过模拟实验研究了不同的渗滤液回灌频率、回灌量和回灌速率对压实密度不同的垃圾的含水率的影响。研究表明,由于通道流的存在和影响,渗滤液的产生时间提前于填埋垃圾达到其有效贮水率的时间;渗滤液回灌频率越高、回灌量越大、回灌速率越慢、垃圾体温度越低、垃圾压实密度越高,则填埋垃圾的有效贮水率越大、含水率越高。在实施渗滤液回灌操作时,须综合考虑滤液回灌频率、回灌量、回灌速率、垃圾温度和垃圾压实密度等影响因素。     

UV/H-2O-2/草酸铁处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

利用UV（125W）/H2O2/草酸铁处理已经过生化处理的垃圾渗滤液(CODcr为450mg/L)时，反应较佳条件是PH值为4．0及总药剂用量为14mL/L。草酸铁的用量要适当，投加量过少，混凝效果较差，有效光子不能完全转化为化学能，处理效果不理想；投加量过多，溶液形成棕色混浊，使紫外光的吸收降低，造成光散射，降低反应速度。而H2O2的投加量过多，特使铁的络合物更加稳定，H202的分解速率受到限制，投加量过少，效果也会降低。当总药刑用量为14mL/L(其中30％过氧化氢6mL/L，0．1mol/L草酸铁溶液8mL/L时，反应30min后，CODcr去除率可达80％左右，脱色率可达90％以上。